Expanded internet access could bring new jobs to rural areas

Expanded internet access could bring new jobs to rural areas - CBS News Watch CBS News The Biden administration on Monday announced $667 million in new funding to build more broadband internet access in the U.S. The grants and loans are spread across 22 states, but will target "rural, remote and unserved communities." Drew Clark, CEO of internet advocacy company Broadband Breakfast, joins CBS News to discuss how rural areas would benefit from expanded internet access. Be the first to know Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. 

Internet access for all must become a priority :

During this national Digital Inclusion Week, Ohio Department of Development officials are focusing on making digital technology available and practical for all Ohioans — following the week’s theme “Building Connected Communities.” “You cannot have opportunities in a modern economy without access to broadband internet and the skills to use it, which is why our mission to make Ohio more connected is so important,” Lt. Gov. Jon Husted said Monday. “During this week, I encourage all Ohioans to take advantage of the resources available to become more knowledgeable and better able to use the tools that connect us across the state.” If they are able to connect at all, that is. Sure, the National Digital Inclusion Alliance hosted a series of webinars this past week, and the Columbus Metropolitan Library offered opportunities to develop digital skills and obtain affordable devices and internet connections. But what good does that do Ohioans who still don’t have even the possibility of reliable, high-speed broadband internet access, let alone the tools and skills they need to use it? BroadbandOhio has spent the past three years helping to “bridge the digital divide and ensure that all Ohioans have high-speed internet access,” according to the Department of Development. But according to research website Broadband Search, “Ohio has less internet accessibility than many other of the most popular states. … 5.7% of residents in Ohio have no internet connection at home or elsewhere.” And 22.9% do not have high-speed internet access. For those folks, touting the availability of digital skills classes is akin to showing them how to use all the features on their new refrigerator before their homes are wired for electricity. Yes, it was important this past week (and all the time) to think about giving low-income households, aging populations, incarcerated individuals, veterans, people with disabilities, people with language barriers, racial and ethnic minorities, and rural residents the skills and resources they’ll need to thrive in the digital age. But for the sake of our families, our schools and our communities, the push to bring the access they need to employ those skills must be officials’ top priority. 

Expanded internet access could bring new jobs to rural areas - CBS News Watch CBS News The Biden administration on Monday announced $667 million in new funding to build more broadband internet access in the U.S. The grants and loans are spread across 22 states, but will target "rural, remote and unserved communities." Drew Clark, CEO of internet advocacy company Broadband Breakfast, joins CBS News to discuss how rural areas would benefit from expanded internet access. Be the first to know Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. 

Overview of C Programming Language

The C programming language was developed by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Laboratories in 1972. C evolved from two earlier languages called BPCL and B which were developed at Bell laboratories. Because of its features, C became popular very fast and by 1980s it was one of the most popular programming language being used.

C is a general purpose structured programming language. It has a rich set of data types and has a syntax that uses the English language keywords. Its features categorize it as a high level language. C has additional features that allow it to be used at the lower level, thus bridging the gap between the machine language and the conventional high level languages. This flexibility allows C to be widely used for systems programming.

C compilers are commonly available for computers of all sizes. The compilers are usually compact, and they generate object codes that are small and highly efficient as compared to programs compiled in other high level languages.

An important characteristic of C is that the programs are highly portable. This is because C implements most computer dependent functions as its library functions. 

Every version of C is accompanied by its own set of library functions. The library functions are relatively standardized. Therefore, most C programs can be processed on many different computers with little or no alteration. Most commercial C compilers support the features of C that are included in the ANSI standard.

BASIC STRUCTURE OF A C PROGRAM Documentation Section Link Section Definition Section Global Declaration Section Main() { Declaration Section Executive part } Subprogram section Function 1 Function 2 - - Function n

Documentation Section – This section consists of a set of comment lines giving the name of the program and other details.

Link Section – This section provides instructions to the compiler to link functions from the system library. C program depends upon some header files for function definition that are used in the program. Each header file has extension ‘.h’. The header files are included at the beginning of the program in the C language. These files should be included using #include directive as given below

Example:

#include

(This will find header file in standard directory)

Or

#include<stdio.h> (This will find header file in Current and Standard directory)

Definition Section – This section defines all symbolic constants.

Global Declaration Section – There are some variables and those variables are declared in this section that is outside of all functions.

main() function – Every C program must have one main() function section. int main(void) is the function definition for main(). Parenthesis followed to main is to tell the user again that main() is a function. int main(void) function return an integer.

void main(void) – This function takes no arguments and returns nothing. The program contains statements that are enclosed within the braces. The opening braces “{“ and closing braces “}”. In these two braces main() function two parts, declaration part and executable part. It is user defined function. The opening braces sometimes called logical start and closing braces known as logical end of the program.

Declaration Part declares all the variables used in the executable part. There should be at least one statement in the executable part which contains instructions to perform certain task. The declaration and executable part must appear between the opening and closing braces. All statements in the declaration part should end with the semicolon.

Subprogram Section – This section contains all the user defined functions that are called in the main function.

Write a program to illustrate the use of comment statement. #include<stdio.h> Void main() { /* Start of Printing */ printf(“My first C program.”); /* End of Printing */ } Test run: My first C program.

·        The opening brace { in the second line of the program marks the beginning of the function main(). The closing brace } after the set of statements marks the end of the function main() and also the end of the program. ·        The set of statements to be executed are written within the braces { } and is called the function body. It is responsible for performing a specific task. The statements may be in the form of declarations, expressions, assignment statements, predefined functions, control statements or compound statements. ·        The statement printf(“My first C program”); is an executable statement and on execution it displays             My first C program         on the screen. printf() is a predefined library function in C. ·        The semicolon (;) at the end of the printf() statement is called a statement terminator. Every statement in a C program ends with a semicolon. A missing semicolon generates a syntax error. ·        The #include<stdio.h> is a preprocessor directive that includes the header file stdio.h in the program. The header file contains the pre-defined function printf() and is referred to use this function in the program. Any number of header files can be included in a program file depending upon the library functions used in the program. Header files are generally included at the beginning before the main().           The line beginning with /* and ending with */ is called a command line or a remark line. Comment lines are non-executable, and anything between /* and */ is ignored by the compiler. Comment lines are used in C programs to increase the understandability of the program. The comment lines can be inserted at the beginning of the program before the main () or within a function.

 C is a middle level language i.e. has the capabilities of the low level languages as well as the high level languages.

·        C is a highly portable language. A C program written for one computer or operating system can be run on another computer or operating system with little or no modification.

·        C is a highly structured language and C program are written as collection of modules or functions.

·        C has a well defined syntax or set of rules.

·        Execution of a C program starts with the main() function.

·        C is a case-sensitive language. It is case sensitive because it follows strict rules even in an alphabetical case either lowercase or uppercase. For example, typing Int instead of int result in compilation error. Because there is uppercase I instead of lowercase i in the example.

·        Every C statement is terminated by a semicolon (;).

·        Comment statements are non executable statements.

A Database Application Program "Home Billing System" from Sultan's Desktop

Application Name: Home Billing System

Software Used: Microsoft Access 2007

Date Created: 23^rd March 2008

Permission to use: Students can use this database application program for their study purposes.

Purpose: This application program has been developed to calculate total rent per flat of an apartment building. Total rent includes monthly rent of the flat, electric bill, water bill, gas bill, municipality bill, all relevant taxes with all necessary options. The administrator can set the number of flats and even the facilities given to a flat. Upgrading can be done by integrating more features to it.

Tables used in the application:

·         Table For Meter Readings – It stores all the meter-readings of each flat. It includes electric meter readings, water meter readings, gas meter readings

·         Table1 For Unit Rates – It stores rates per unit usage of the utilities, electricity, water, gas, sewerage, cleaning service bill, taxes including corporate taxes and income taxes.

·         Table12 Family Details of the Renter – It stores detailed information of all the family members of the renter.

·         Table2_MR_GB_MNs – It stores the monthly rent amount, number of gas burners, electric meter number, gas meter number, water meter number. If necessary amount can be changed and sent for a new fiscal year.

Queries created in the application:

·         Query for Flat Electricity

·         Query for Flat Gas

·         Query for Flat Total

·         Query for Flat Water and Sewerage

All these queries have been created for each flat. For example in this application 9 flats have been considered.

Forms created in the application:

                For data input and visualization 20 forms have been created. Such as

·         Enter Last Meter Readings

·         Enter Meter Readings

·         Form to enter unit rates of the utility bills

Download:

·         Download from Google Drive

        Home_Billing_System_from_Sultan's_Desktop -
        https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zc6wqYDIOgUy9On99ofDJXVawdrMmKUW? usp=sharing

Computer Training and Tutorials

Dear Readers and Viewers,

We have changed our web address to "Computer Training and Tutorials". We have decided to publish posts relevant to computer and information technology. We shall try to post on different software and training programs to help the users to know about how to use that software and where they can use the software effectively. Please visit the site on new address: http://computer7000.blogspot.com

Thanks,
Site Administrator
Syed Ahmed Salimuddin Sultan
B. Sc. (Engineering)
Ph: +8801924724061